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Abu Isa al-Warraq
・ Abu Ishaq Al Heweny
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・ Abu Jafar ibn Harun al-Turjali
・ Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Uthman
・ Abu Jalal
・ Abu Jalal-e Jonubi


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Abu Isa al-Warraq : ウィキペディア英語版
Abu Isa al-Warraq

Abu 'Isa al-Warraq, full name Abu 'Isa Muhammad ibn Harun al-Warraq ((アラビア語:أبو عيسى محمد ابن هارون الوراق) Abū ʿĪsā Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Warrāq), was a 9th-century Arab skeptic scholar and critic of Islam and religion in general. He was a mentor and friend of scholar Ibn al-Rawandi in whose work ''The Book of the Emerald'' he appears. Some Muslim sources have described him as being a Muslim and others a Manichaean. The modern scholar of the Qur'an and critic of Islam, Ibn Warraq, derives his pseudonymous name from al-Warraq.〔Virgins? What Virgins: And Other Essays. Introduction.〕
==Views of revealed religions==
Al-Warraq was skeptical of the existence of God because "He who orders his slave to do things that he knows him to be incapable of doing, then punishes him, is a fool".
Al-Warraq challenged the notion of revealed religion. He argued that if humans are capable of figuring out that, for instance, it is good to be forgiving, then a prophet is unnecessary, and that we should not heed the claims of self-appointed prophets, if what is claimed is found to be contrary to good sense and reason. Al-Warraq admired the intellect not for its capacity to submit to a god, but rather for its inquisitiveness towards the wonders of science. He explained that people developed the science of astronomy by gazing at the sky, and that no prophet was necessary to show them how to gaze; he also said that no prophets were needed to show them how to make flutes, either, or how to play them.〔

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